Eosinophilic esophagitis, commonly known as EoE, is a chronic condition that affects the esophagus. It occurs when a high number of white blood cells, called eosinophils, build up in the esophagus, leading to inflammation. This condition can cause discomfort, difficulty swallowing, and long-term complications if left untreated. Understanding the symptoms and causes of EoE can help individuals manage the condition effectively.
Common Symptoms of EoE
The symptoms of EoE can vary depending on age and severity. In adults, the most common symptom is difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia. This often leads to food getting stuck in the esophagus, a condition called food impaction. Other symptoms include chest pain, heartburn, and persistent throat discomfort, which may be mistaken for acid reflux.
Children with EoE may experience different symptoms such as vomiting, refusal to eat, and slow growth due to poor nutrition. They may also complain of stomach pain or show signs of food intolerance. Identifying these symptoms early is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Causes and Triggers
EoE is primarily caused by an allergic reaction to certain foods or environmental allergens. Common food triggers include dairy, wheat, soy, eggs, and nuts. Seasonal allergies, pollen, and pet dander can also contribute to flare-ups. Genetic factors may play a role, as individuals with a family history of allergies or asthma are more likely to develop EoE.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Diagnosing EoE requires a combination of medical history, symptom evaluation, and an endoscopy with a biopsy. During an endoscopy, a small sample of tissue is taken from the esophagus to check for eosinophil buildup. Allergy testing may also be conducted to identify specific triggers.
Treatment for EoE often involves dietary changes, such as eliminating common allergens to reduce inflammation. Medications, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and corticosteroids, may be prescribed to manage symptoms. In more severe cases, medical procedures like esophageal dilation may be required to ease swallowing difficulties.
Conclusion
Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic but manageable condition that requires early diagnosis and lifestyle adjustments. Recognizing the symptoms and avoiding triggers can significantly improve quality of life. With the right treatment plan, individuals with EoE can reduce discomfort and maintain a healthy diet without complications.